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1 caution: these devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper ic handling procedures. 1-888-intersil or 1-888-468-3774 | copyright intersil americas inc. 2011. all rights reserved intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by intersil corporation or one of its subsidiaries. all other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. high power li-ion charger w/i-path management ISL9230 the ISL9230 is a fully integrated high input volt age single-cell li-ion battery charger with power path management function. this charger performs the cc/cv charge function required by li-ion batteries. the charger can withstand an input voltage up to 26v but is disabled when the input voltage exceeds 6.6v ovp threshold. the input current limit and charge current are programmable with external resistors. when the battery voltage is lower than 3.0v, the charger preconditions the battery with 10% of the programmed charge current. when the charge current reduces to the end-of-charge (eoc) current level during the cv charge phase, the eoc indicator (chg ) will toggle to a logic high to indicate the end-of-charge condition. the ISL9230 uses separate power paths to supply the system load and the battery. this feature allows the system to immediately operate with a completely discharged battery. this feature also allows the charge to terminate when the battery is full while continuing to supply the system power from the input source, thus minimizing unnecessary charge/discharge cycles and prolonging the battery life. two indication pins (pg and chg ) allow simple interface to a microprocessor or leds. features ? complete charger for single-c ell li-ion/polymer batteries ? current path management opti mize for charge and system currents ? intelligent timeout interval based on actual charge current ? 1% charger output voltage accuracy ? programmable input current limit ? programmable charge current ?ntc thermistor input ? complies with usb charger ? charge current thermal foldback for thermal protection ? trickle charge for fully discharged batteries ? 26v maximum voltage at vin pin ? power presence and charge indications ? ambient temperature range: -40c to +85c ? 16 ld 3x3 tqfn package ? pb-free (rohs compliant) applications ? mobile phones ? blue-tooth devices ?pdas ? mp3 players ? stand-alone chargers ? other handheld devices part description c 1 4.7f x5r ceramic capacitor c 2 1f x5r ceramic capacitor c3 4.7f x5r ceramic capacitor r 3 1 , 5% resistor r iref (application specific) r time (application specific) r ilim (application specific) r 1 , r 2 300 to 1k , 5% resistor d 1 , d 2 leds for indication ISL9230 vin vbat vout iref ilim chg time to sys input pg r time r iref r 1 r 2 t d 1 gnd mode c 1 c 2 c 3 batt r 3 chgen r ilim from p cont ac/usb } from p } ntc figure 1. typical application circuit may 12, 2011 fn7642.0
ISL9230 2 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 block diagram chg pump vin s r q vin vbat iout ibat clk die temp 125c vbatref vbat ibatref ibat iref ilimref vout voutref die temp 155c iout ibat vin ilim time ac/usb mode cont pg chg ntc iref vbat vout gnd chgen ISL9230 vout vbat hitemp lotemp q1 q2
ISL9230 3 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 pin configuration ISL9230 (16 ld qfn) top view 1 2 3 5 6 11 10 8 7 12 ilim gnd ntc vin ac/usb vout cont 9 iref 4 time vout pg chg 13 14 15 16 vbat vbat chgen mode pin descriptions pin number symbol description 1 ntc the ntc pin sources a current to develop a voltage across the battery pack ntc resistor. placing a 10k ntc thermistor will check if the battery?s temperature is out of the safe temperature window. if the temperature is out of the safe operating window, the charger is suspended. for applications that do not require the use of the ntc function, connect a 10k fixed resistor from ntc to gnd to maintain a valid voltage level on the ntc pin. 2, 3 vbat charger output pin. connect this pin to the batter y. a 1f or larger x5r ceramic capacitor is recommended for decoupling and stability purposes. 4chgen battery charger enable pin. the chgen pin is a logic input pin to provide ex ternal charge control. an internal 670k pull-down resistor is connected to this pin. drive the pi n high to disable the charger during charging. when chgen is high, vout is still active and the battery power remains availa ble at vout. to ensure proper operation, do not leave this pin unconnected. 5 ac/usb selects between adapter and usb input power. pull high for selecting adapter power and pull low for usb power. an internal 670k pull-down resistor is connected to this pin. to ensure proper operation, do not leave this pin unconnected. 6 mode in combination with the ac/usb pin, this pin selects the in put current limit levels. if ac/usb pin is low, a low on the mode pin sets the usb current to 100ma, and a high selects the 500ma limit. if the ac/usb pin is high, a low on the mode pin selects the ilim programmed current and a high will put the ISL9230 into a suspend state. an internal 300k pull-down resistor is connected to this pin. to ensure proper operation, do not leave this pin unconnected. 7pg open-drain power good indication. the open-drain mosfet tu rns on when the input voltage is above the por threshold but below the ovp threshold. this pin is capable of sinkin g 5ma (minimum) to drive a led. the maximum voltage rating for this pin is 6.5v and it is recommended to use vout as the pull-up voltage. 8 gnd connect to ground. 9chg open-drain charge indication pin. this pin outputs a logic low when a charge cycle star ts and goes hi-z when an end-of-charge (eoc) condition is qualified. this pin is capa ble of sinking 5ma min. to drive an led. when the charger is disabled, the chg is also in a hi-z state. 10, 11 vout output connection to the system. when a valid input po wer is present, this pin provides a 3.4v regulated voltage for the system during trickle charge and is maintained at vbat + 225mv during fast charging. a 4.7f or larger x5r ceramic capacitor is recommended for deco upling and stability purposes. 12 ilim input current limit programming pin. connect a resistor between this pin and the gnd to set the input current limit determined by equation 1 when ac/usb = 1, mode = 0 where r ilim is in k if the ilim pin is left unconnected, all input current is disabled. i lim 1610 r ilim -------------- ma () 200ma ilim 1.5a < < = (eq. 1)
ISL9230 4 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 13 vin power input. the absolute maximum input voltage is 26v. a 10f or larger value capacitor is recommended to be placed very close to the input pin for decoupling purposes. additional capacitance may be required to provide a stable input voltage. 14 time timing resistor pin. the time pin determines the oscillatio n period by connecting a timing resistor between this pin and gnd. the oscillator also prov ides a time reference for the charger calculat ed in equation 2. equation 3 provides the formula for finding the pre-charge time, which is 1/10 of th e fast charge timer. leaving the time pin unconnected sets the timer to the default values of 30 minutes for pre-charge and 5 hours for fast charge. where r time is in k 15 cont active high overrides the end-of-charge (eoc) or timer term ination. by pulling the continuo us charge cont pin high, the device will continue to charge the battery when the current has fallen below imin or the safety timer has timed out. the status of this pin can not be changed after por. th e cont pin is internally pulled down to gnd by a 300k resistor, but to ensure proper operation, do not leave the cont pin floating. 16 iref charge current program and monitori ng pin. connect a resistor between this pin and the gnd pin to set the charge current limit determined by equation 4: where r iref is in k . the iref pin voltage also monitors the actual charge current during the entire charge cycle, including the trickle, constant-current, and constant-voltage phases. when disabled, v iref = 0v. - epad exposed pad. connect as much copper as possible to th is pad either on the component layer or other layers through thermal vias to enhance the thermal performance. pin descriptions (continued) pin number symbol description t fast 8r time min () = (eq. 2) t pre 0.8 r time min () = (eq. 3) i ref 890 r iref --------------- ma () = (eq. 4) table 1. input current limit selection ac/usb mode description 0 0 usb 100ma limit 0 1 usb 500ma limit 10r lim current programming 11suspend mode ordering information part number (notes 1, 2, 3) part marking temp range (c) package (pb-free) pkg. dwg. # ISL9230irz dlbb -40 to +85 16 ld 3x3 qfn l16.3x3e notes: 1. add ?-t*? suffix for tape and reel. please refer to tb347 for details on reel specifications. 2. these intersil pb-free plastic packaged products employ spec ial pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials , and 100% matte tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish , which is rohs compliant and compatible wi th both snpb and pb-free soldering opera tions). intersil pb- free products are msl classified at pb-free peak reflow temperat ures that meet or exceed the pb-free requirements of ipc/jedec j std-020. 3. for moisture sensitivity level (msl), please see device information page for ISL9230 . for more information on msl please see techbrief tb363 .
ISL9230 5 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 absolute maximum ratings (referenced to gnd) thermal information vin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3v to 26v all other pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3v to 6.5v i vin (input current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6a i o output current (continuous) i vout (continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5a i vbat (discharge mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5a i vbat (charging mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5a output sink current chg , pg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15ma thermal resistance (typical) ja (c/w) jc (c/w) qfn package (notes 4, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.0 maximum junction temperature (plastic package) . . . .-40c to +150c maximum storage temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65c to +150c pb-free reflow profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see link below http://www.intersil.com/ pbfree/pb-freereflow.asp recommended operating conditions ambient temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40c to +85c maximum supply voltage (vin pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24v operating supply voltage (vin pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3v to 6.4v programmed charge current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200ma to 1500ma i vin input current, vin pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5a i vout current, vout pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.5a i vbat current, vbat pin (discharging) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4.5a i vbat current, bat pin (charging). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5a esd ratings human body model (tested per jesd22-a114f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.5kv machine model (tested per jesd22-a115-a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250v charged device model (tested per jesd22-c101d) . . . . . . . . . . . 1000v latch up (tested per jesd78b, class ii, level a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100ma caution: do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. exposure to such conditions may adv ersely impact product reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty. notes: 4. ja is measured in free air with the componen t mounted on a high effective thermal conduc tivity test board with ?direct attach? fe atures. see tech brief tb379 . 5. for jc , the ?case temp? location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside. electrical specifications typical values are tested at v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v and the ambient temperature at +25c. min/max limits are across the o perating conditions, unless otherwise specified. boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40c to +85c. parameter symbol test conditions min (note 8) typ max (note 8) units power-on reset rising por threshold v por_r v bat = 3.0v, use pg to indicate the comparator output 3.2 3.36 3.5 v falling por threshold v por_f 2.92 3.05 3.18 v por deglitch time t pg v in >v por to pg low 1.2 ms v in-bat offset voltage rising threshold v os_r v bat = 3.6v, v in ramps from 3.5v to 4v 50 80 130 mv falling threshold v os_f v bat = 3.6v, v in ramps from 4v to 3.5v 20 60 mv vin overvoltage protection overvoltage protection threshold v ovp 6.25 6.6 6.9 v ovp threshold hysteresis v ovp_hys 110 mv input overvoltage blanking t ovp_blk 50 s input ovp recovery time t ovp-rec 1.2 ms battery detection battery detection current i det v bat = 2.5v (note 7) -5 -7.5 -10 ma detection timer t det 250 ms ilim, iref short circuit detection (checked during start-up) current source i sc vin > vpor and vin > vbat + vos 1.4 ma
ISL9230 6 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 short-circuit detection threshold v sc vin > vpor and vin > vbat + vos 510 mv short circuit detection battery short circuit detection current i bsc v bat = 1.5v 3 5.5 8 ma battery short circuit threshold v bsct 1.6 1.8 2.0 v output short circuit detection at valid vin v osc1 vin > vpor vin > vbat + vos 0.8 0.9 1.0 v output short circuit detection, load sharing mode (note 7) v osc2 referenced to vbat vin > vpor vin > vbat + vos -200 -250 -300 mv blanking time for vsc2 bt osc2 250 s recovery time for vsc2 rt osc2 60 ms operating current bat pin supply current i vbat no supply at v in , chgen = low 6.5 a vin pin suspend current i vin charger enabled, ac/usb = mode = 1 200 a vin pin supply current i vin charger enabled 1.5 ma voltage regulation output voltage v o_reg vin > vout + vdo_q1, vbat > 3.2v system current + charge current = 15ma vbat + 0.150 vbat + 0.225 vbat + 0.270 v vin > vout + vdo_q1, vbat < 3.2v system current + charge current = 15ma 3.3 3.4 3.5 charger output voltage v b_reg charge current = 10ma, t a = +25c 4.185 4.20 4.215 v charge current = 10ma 4.16 4.20 4.23 iref pin voltage v iref v bat = 3.8v 1.8 2.24 2.55 v power path output dppm threshold voltage v dppm output voltage threshold where charge current starts to reduce. referenced to regulated v out -200 -100 -50 mv input dpm threshold voltage v in-dpm input voltage threshold where the input current starts to reduce, ac/usb = 0, mode = x 4.36 v battery supply enter threshold v bsup_on referenced to vbat, v bat = 3.6v -40 mv battery supply exit threshold v bsup_off referenced to vbat, v bat = 3.6v -20 mv dropout voltage q1 dropout voltage (vin-vout) (note 7) v do_q1 v out = 4.3v, i in = 1a, v bat = 4.2v 300 475 mv q2 dropout voltage (vbat-vout) v do_q2 v in = 0v, vbat > 3v, iout = 1a 40 80 mv recharge threshold recharge voltage threshold v rch referenced to v b_reg -215 -120 -50 mv recharge deglitch time t rch t rch includes t det (cont = 0) 300 ms delay time, input power loss to vout ldo turn-off t no-in v bat = 3.6v time is measure from vin: 5v to 3v at 1s fall time 20 ms current regulation (note 6) input current limit range i lim_rng 200 1500 ma electrical specifications typical values are tested at v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v and the ambient temperature at +25c. min/max limits are across the o perating conditions, unless otherwise specified. boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40c to +85c. (continued) parameter symbol test conditions min (note 8) typ max (note 8) units
ISL9230 7 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 input current limit accuracy i lim_ac1 r ilim = 1.62k 955 1000 1045 ma i lim_ac2 r ilim = 4.32k 340 375 410 ma i lim_100 ac/usb = 0, mode = 0 78 88 98 ma i lim_500 ac/usb = 0, mode = 1 380 440 500 ma fast charge current range i chg v bat < 4.2v 300 1500 ma fast charge current r iref = 1.78k 450 500 550 ma r iref = 887 900 1000 1100 ma trickle charge current i trk ac/usb, mode not equal to (1, 1) r iref = 1.78k ( i trk = 88 / r iref ) 39 49 58 ma end of charge current i eoc_usb100 ac/usb = 0, mode = 0, r iref = 887 13 29 46 ma i eoc_usb500 ac/usb = 0, mode = 1, r iref = 887 70 96 125 ma i eoc_ac r iref = 887 76 96 116 ma end of charge deglitch time t eoc 25 ms preconditioning voltage threshold preconditioning threshold voltage v min vin > vpor and vin > vbat + vos 2.9 3.0 3.1 v precharge to fast charge deglitch time t chg_lh 25 ms fast charge to precharge deglitch time t chg_hl 25 ms charging timers (note 7) fast charge timer t fast r time = 30k 180 240 300 min r time = floating 240 300 360 pre-charge timer t pre r time = 30k 24 min r time = floating 24 30 36 internal temperature monitoring charger current thermal foldback threshold t fold 125 c thermal shutdown threshold t sd t j rising 155 c thermal shutdown hysteresis t sd_hys 20 c external temperature monitoring thermistor bias current i t vin >vpor and vin > vbat + vos 72 75 78 a high temperature threshold v tmax v ntc falling 240 295 340 mv high temperature hysteresis v tmax_h v ntc rising after reaching v tmax 30 mv low temperature threshold v tmin v ntc rising 2000 2100 2200 mv low temperature hysteresis v tmin_h v ntc falling after reaching v tmin 300 mv temperature trip deglitch time t t_dg measured from ntc fault to charger disabled 50 ms ntc pin disable threshold v dis_ntc referenced to vin, ntc floating -300 mv logic input and outputs chgen , cont, mode, ac/usb logic input high 1.4 v chgen , cont, mode, ac/usb logic input low 0.4 v electrical specifications typical values are tested at v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v and the ambient temperature at +25c. min/max limits are across the o perating conditions, unless otherwise specified. boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40c to +85c. (continued) parameter symbol test conditions min (note 8) typ max (note 8) units
ISL9230 8 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 chgen and ac/usb pin internal pull-down resistance 570 670 770 k cont and mode pin internal pull-down resistance 220 280 340 k pg , chg driving capability when low pin voltage = 0.4v 5 ma leakage current when high pin voltage = 5v, v out = v bat = 5v 1 a notes: 6. the input current charge current can be affected by the thermal foldback function if the ic under the test setup cannot dissi pate the heat. 7. limits established by characteriza tion and are not production tested. 8. parameters with min and/or max limits are 100% tested at +25 c, unless otherwise specified. te mperature limits established by characterization and are not production tested. electrical specifications typical values are tested at v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v and the ambient temperature at +25c. min/max limits are across the o perating conditions, unless otherwise specified. boldface limits apply over the operating temperature range, -40c to +85c. (continued) parameter symbol test conditions min (note 8) typ max (note 8) units
ISL9230 9 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 typical characteristics v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v, ac/usb = 1, mode = 0, t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified. figure 2. description of charging modes as v bat varies figure 3. adapter plug-in with battery connected figure 4. battery detection - battery removed figure 5. battery detection - battery inserted/removed figure 6. charger on/off by chgen (r out = 10 ? ) figure 7. charger on/off chgen (r out = 10 , v bat = 3.6v) v out v bat chg i bat 2v/div 200ma/div 2v/div 2v/div 200s/div end of charge occurs when ibat < ieoc from the cv threshold recharge occurs when vbat falls below 100mv end of charge occurs again when vbat > 4.2v fast charge begins when vbat > 3v vbat ramping up cv charge occurs when vbat reaches 4.2v from 0v trickle charge begins when vbat > 1.8v 2v/div 200ma/div 2v/div 5v/div v in i bat chg v out 10ms/div v in v bat chg v out 200ms/div battery detection mode 2v/div 1v/div 1v/div 5v/div v out v bat chg i bat 2v/div 2v/div 5v/div 500ma/div 200ms/div trickle charge battery inserted battery removed battery not present chgen i bat i out v out 5v/div 500ma/di v 500ma/di v 5v/div 4ms/div trickle charge c hgen i bat i out v out 5v/div 500ma/div 500ma/div 5v/div 4ms/div
ISL9230 10 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 figure 8. ovp fault v in = 5v to 15v, r out = 10 ? figure 9. entering and exiting dppm mode figure 10. v out shorted with battery connected figure 11. v bat toggle from 4.3v to 3.8v (no output) figure 12. shutdown current chgen = 1 figure 13. vin pin supply current chgen = 0 typical characteristics v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v, ac/usb = 1, mode = 0, t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified. (continued) v in v bat pg v out 5v/div 5v/div 10ms/div 5v/div 2v/div v bat pg v out i out i bat 2v/div 500ma/div 20s/div 2v/div 500ma/div i vin v bat v out i vin 5v/div 5v/div 2a/div 10a/div 200s/div chg v bat v out i bat 2v/div 5v/div 500ma/div 2v/div 100ms/div 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 2 4 6 8 1012141618202224 v in (v) shutdown current (a) 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature (c) i vin (ma)
ISL9230 11 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 figure 14. dropout voltage (q1) vs temperature f igure 15. dropout voltage (q2) vs temperature figure 16. dropout voltage (q2) vs v bat figure 17. thermal regulation of i bat figure 18. battery voltage regulation vs temperatur e figure 19. output voltage regulation vs temperature typical characteristics v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v, ac/usb = 1, mode = 0, t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified. (continued) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 i load = 1a v do-q1 (mv) temperature (c) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -50-250 255075100125 temperature (c) i load = 1a v in = 0v v bat = 3.6v v do-q2 (mv) 33 35 37 39 41 43 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 v d o - q 2 ( m v ) v bat (v) i load = 1a v in = 0v 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 i bat (a) temperature (c) 4.15 4.17 4.19 4.21 4.23 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature (c) i bat = 10ma v bat voltage (v) 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 i out = 10ma v out voltage (v) temperature (c)
ISL9230 12 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 figure 20. trickle charge vs temperature figure 21. battery voltage vs input voltage figure 22. battery voltage vs charge current (cv mode) figure 23. output voltage vs output current figure 24. v bat and v out vs charge current (cv mode) figure 25. battery voltage vs charge current (cc mode) typical characteristics v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v, ac/usb = 1, mode = 0, t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified. (continued) 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 i load = 1a r iref = 1.82k ? v bat = 2v i trk (ma) temperature (c) 4.200 4.202 4.204 4.206 4.208 4.210 4.212 4.214 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.1 6.3 6.5 v in (v) i bat = 100ma v bat (v) 4.2050 4.2055 4.2060 4.2065 4.2070 4.2075 4.2080 4.2085 4.2090 4.2095 4.2100 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 i bat (a) v bat (v) 4.410 4.415 4.420 4.425 4.430 4.435 4.440 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 i out (a) v out (v) v bat is floating 4.10 4.15 4.20 4.25 4.30 4.35 4.40 4.45 4.50 0.10.30.50.70.91.11.31.5 i bat (a) v bat v out v bat and v out (v) v out is floating 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 v bat (v) i bat (a)
ISL9230 13 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 figure 26. charge current vs input voltage figure 27. input voltage por threshold vs temperature typical characteristics v in = 5v, v bat = 3.6v, ac/usb = 1, mode = 0, t a = +25c, unless otherwise specified. (continued) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.8 v in (v) i bat (a) 3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40 3.45 3.50 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 temperature (c) por threshold (v)
ISL9230 14 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 theory of operation when a valid input voltage is applied at vin, the ISL9230 first regulates v out at 3.4v or at vbat plus 225mv, depending on the battery voltage. if the battery voltage is below 3.2v, the ISL9230 regulates v out at 3.4v. if the battery voltage is higher than 3.2v, v out will be regulated at vbat plus 225mv. the charge current is also dependent on the battery voltage. when v bat is less than 3.0v, the ISL9230 trickle char ges the battery at a reduced current, as specified in the "ele ctrical specifications" table on page 5. once v bat reaches 3.0v, the fast charge phase starts. when the system exceeds the maximum available current, either limited by the ic or by the input power supply, the charger fet q2 is operated in a reverse mode, i.e. it provides battery current to the system instead of charging. the charger function is similar to other li-ion battery chargers, i.e., it charges the battery at a constant current (cc) or a constant voltage (cv) depending on the battery terminal voltage. the constant current i ref is set by the external resistor r iref . depending on the combination of the ac/usb and the mode pin status, the actual charge current may be reduced by the input current limit. when the battery voltage reaches the final voltage of 4.2v, the charger enters the cv mode and regulates the battery voltage at 4.2v to fully ch arge the battery without the risk of overcharging. upon reaching an end-of-charge (eoc) current, the chg will turn to high impedance to indicate a charge complete state and if cont is low, q2 will be turned off to terminate charging. figure 28 sh ows the typical charge profile with the eoc/recharge events when cont is low. the eoc current level is internally set at 10% of the fast charge current as set by r iref for ac adapter input and usb500 input types. for usb100 input, the eoc current is set at 3.3% of the fast charge current as set by r iref . the chg signal pulls low when the trickle charge starts an d turns to high impedance at an eoc event. a thermal foldback function redu ces the charge current anytime when the die temperature reaches typically +125c. this function guarantees safe operation when the printed-circuit board (pcb) is not capable of dissipating the heat generated by the linear charger. the ISL9230 can withstand an input voltage up to 26v but will be disabled when the input voltage exceeds the ovp threshold, 6.6v typical, to protect against unqualified or faulty ac adapters. pg indication the pg pin is an open-drain output to indicate the presence of a good supply voltage on the vin pin. if v in is higher than the por threshold and lower than the por th reshold, an internal open-drain fet is turned on. if v in suddenly falls below the por falling threshold or rises above the ovp risi ng threshold, the open-drain fet will turn off. when turned on, the pg pin should be able to sink at least 5ma current under all operating conditions. the pg pin can be used to drive a led or to interface with a microprocessor. power-good range the power-good range is defined by the following three conditions: 1. v in > v por 2. v in - v out > v os 3. v in < v ovp where v os is the offset voltage between the input and charger output. the v ovp is the overvoltage protection threshold given in the ?electrical specifications? table on page 5. all v por , v os , and v ovp have hysteresis. chg indication the chg is an open-drain output. the open drain fet turns on when the charger starts to charge and turns off when the eoc condition is qualified. once the eoc condition is qualified, the chg signal is latched in a hi-z state. the eoc condition is qualified when both of the foll owing conditions are satisfied: 1. v bat > v rch 2. i chg < i eoc after being turned off, even if the battery is being automatically recharged later, the chg indication will not be turned on again until one of the following events is encountered: 1. input power being re-cycled 2. chgen signal being toggled 3. the battery is removed and re-inserted the chg signal can be interfaced either with a microprocessor gpio or a led for indication. a de-glitch delay of 25ms for both edges is implemented to prevent nuisance triggering during some short transient conditions. charge termination, recharge and timeout when an eoc condition is reached, the chg pin changes to hi-z to indicate the end-of-charge condition and the charging is terminated if the cont pin is in logic low. when a recharge condition is met, the safety timer will be reset to zero and the charging re-starts. in the event a timeout interval has elapsed before the eoc condition is reached, a timeout fa ult condition is triggered. the timeout fault condition is indicated by the chg pin being toggled between hi and lo every 0.5s. the timeout fault condition can be cleared by removing and reapplying the input power to the ic. under the eoc, timeout and timeout fault conditions, the power delivery to v out is not impacted. the battery continues to supply current to vout if needed, as described in ?dynamic power path management? on page 15. i ref cc cv i min time chg charge current charge voltage chg indication v rch trickle 3.0v . 42v i trk figure 28. typical charging cycle for cont = l
ISL9230 15 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 the charge termination current is calculated as follows: for ac or usb500 input: usb100 input: where i chg is the fast charge current set by r iref . disabling the charge termination option the charge termination occurring when either i chg < i eoc or the safety timer times out can be ov erridden by asserting the cont pin high. when cont is high, the safety timers are suspended. the timers resume counting when the pin is pulled low. the eoc detection, chg status is not affected by the state of the cont pin, i.e. when i chg < i eoc , the chg will turn to high impedance regardless of the status of cont. ilim pin function the ilim pin is provided to control the maximum current drawn by the ISL9230 at the vin pin to supply the system and charge the battery. this enables the syst em designer to ensure that the ic does not draw more than the source can provide. iref pin function the iref pin has the two functions as described in the "pin descriptions" on page 4. the char ge current can be programmed by the r iref over the range of 200ma to 1500ma for ac adapter input. the second function of the iref pin is for monitoring the charge current by measuring the voltage at this pin, which is proportional to the charge current. dynamic power path management the power path management function of the ISL9230 controls the charge current and the system current when charging the battery with system load. the available input current, which is either limited by the ISL9230 or by the input power source, whichever is smaller, is properly split into two paths, one to the battery and the other to the system. the priority is given to the system. when the output voltage drops to the dppm threshold, which is the regulated output voltage minus 100mv, the dynamic power path management (dppm) starts to function. the dppm control will first allo cate the available current to satisfy the system need, using th e remaining current to charge the battery. if the total availabl e current is not enough to supply the system need, when the output voltage drops to 40mv below the battery voltage, the dppm control will turn on the charge control fet, allowing the battery to supply current to the system load. thus, when dppm occurs, the battery may be charged at a current smaller than the prog rammed constant current. input dpm mode (v in -dpm) v in -dpm is a special feature that is designed for current-limited usb ports. v in -dpm is engaged when the ISL9230 is configured for usb100 (ac/usb = 0, mode = 0) or usb500 (ac/usb = 0, mode = 1) modes. during operation of v in -dpm, the input voltage is monitored and if vin drops to the threshold of v in -dpm, the input current is reduced to keep the input voltage from dropping further. therefore, the v in -dpm feature prevents the usb port from crashing. battery presence and short circuit detection a current sink is used to detect if a battery has been installed or removed while power is applied to the vin pin. a pulsed switch sinks a 7.5ma current from vbat . if the voltage drops below vmin (3.0v typ) within 250ms after the switch is on, it indicates the battery may have been removed. if v bat is above v min after the sink test, a 7.5ma current is sourced into the battery for 250ms. if the voltage rises above v rch , this indicates a missing battery condition. if after these tests, the v bat voltage is within v min < v bat < v rechg , it is determined that a battery has been installed, and charging is initiated. intelligent timer the internal timer in the ISL9230 provides a time reference for the maximum charge time limit. the nominal clock cycle for the reference time is set by the exte rnal resistor connected between the time pin and gnd and is given by equations 2 and 3. the nominal maximum charge time interval is calculated based on the assumption that the programm ed charge current is always available during the entire charging cycle. however, due to the ppm control, the current limit of the input source, or thermal foldback, the actual charge current maybe reduced during the constant current charge period. under such conditions, the intelligent timer control will increase the timeout interval accordingly to allow approximately the same mah prod uct as the original timeout interval at the programmed cu rrent. the intelligent timer is suspended when cont is asserted high. thermistor interface to ensure a safe charging temperature range, the ISL9230 incorporates a ntc pin to interface with the ntc thermistor in the battery pack to monitor the battery temperature. a constant current source is provided at this pin. the temperature range is determined by the external negative temperature coefficient (ntc) thermistor. the voltage thresholds and the curr ent source value of the ISL9230 are optimized for the 103at type industry standard thermister. the ISL9230 uses a window comparator to set the valid temperature window. when the ntc pin voltage is out of the window anytime during chargi ng, indicating either the temperature is too hot or too cold to charge, the ISL9230 stops charging. the chg , however will stay low to indicate a "charging" condition. when such an inva lid temperature condition is encountered, the safety timer will stop counting. when the temperature returns to the set range, the charging resumes and the timer resumes counting from where it stopped. when the cont is high, the temperature sensing function can be disabled by pulling the ntc pin to a voltage level above the v dis_ntc, as shown on the ?electrical specifications? table on page 7. thermal foldback the thermal foldback function star ts to reduce the charge current when the internal temperature reaches a typical value of +125c. when thermal foldback is encountered, the charge current will be reduced to a value where the die temperature stops rising. i eoc 0.1xi chg = (eq. 5) i eoc 0.033xi chg = (eq. 6)
ISL9230 16 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 figure 30 shows the thermal foldback concept whereas the current signals at the summing node of the current error amplifier ca are shown in figure 29. i r is the reference. i t is the temperature tracking current generated from the temperature monitoring block. the i t has no impact on the charge current until the internal temperature reaches approximately +125c; then i t starts to rise. in the meantime, as i t rises, i sen will fall at the same rate (as the sum is a constant current i r ). as a result, the charging current, which is proportional to i sen , also decreases, keeping the die temperature constant at +125c. the system output current, however, is not impacted by the thermal foldback. thus, when the charge current is reduced to zero, if the die temperature still rises, the ic will shut down at ~155c to prevent damage to the ic. applications information input bypass capacitor the input capacitor is required to suppress the power supply transient response during transitions. typically, a 10f capacitor should be sufficient to suppress the power supply noise. due to the inductance of the powe r leads of the wall adapter or usb source, the input capacitor type must be properly selected to prevent high voltage transient during a hot-plug event. a tantalum capacitor is a good choice for its high esr, providing damping to the voltage transient. multi-layer ceramic capacitors, however, have a very low esr and hence, when chosen as an input capacitor, a 1 series resistor must be used to provide adequate damping. vout and vbat capacitor selection the criteria for selecting the capacitor at the vout and vbat pins is to maintain the stability as well as to bypass any transient load current. the recommended capacitance is a 4.7f x5r ceramic capacitor for vout and 1f for vbat. the actual capacitance connected to the output is depe ndent on the actual application requirement. layout guidance the ISL9230 uses a thermally-enhanced qfn package that has an exposed thermal pad at the bo ttom side of the package. the layout should connect as much copper to the pad as possible. typically, the component layer is more effective in dissipating heat. the thermal impedance can be further reduced by using other layers of copper connecting to the exposed pad through a thermal via array. each thermal via is recommended to have 0.3mm diameter and 1mm distan ce from other thermal vias. input power sources the input power source is typically a well-regulated wall cube with 1m length wire or a usb port. the recommended input voltage ranges from 4.3v to 6.4v. the ISL9230 can withstand up to 26v on the input without damaging the ic. if the input voltage is higher than the ovp threshold, the ic is disabled. state diagram the state diagram is shown in figure 31. there are 15 states to cover all the operation modes, including the power down, sleep, standby, ilim, iref check, vout check, idle, vbat check, trickle vout x3 x3 vin i r temperature monitoring i t x3 vbat + - vref va + - ca i sen iref control iref ref q1 q2 figure 29. charge current thermal foldback control temperature +125c i t i r i sen -40ma/c figure 30. thermal foldback concept
ISL9230 17 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 charge, cc/cv charge, charge complete, batt discharge, ppm, cv charge, charge fault, charge complete, battery detect-1, battery detect-2, battery detect-3, fault and charging and suspend states. the ic flow chart starts by checki ng the voltage applied at vin. if v por < v in < v bat + v os , the ic stays in the sleep state. if v bat + v os < v in < v ovp , the ic pulls the pg pin low and moves into the ilim, iref check state where the ilim and iref pins are being checked for short circuit condition. if there is no short at either pins, the regulator fet q1 will regulate v out with 100ma current limit. following this, the ic moves to the v out check state where v out is checked for short circuit condition. if v out is below 0.9v, indicating a v out short condition, the ic will stay at the v out check state. if v out is above 0.9v, the ic will set the input current limit according to the setting on the ac/usb and the mode pins. the ic then checks the status of the chgen pin. if the chgen is low, the ic moves to the v bat short circuit check state where a 7.5ma current is sourced at the vbat pin and the voltage is checked against the 1.8v threshold. if v bat is above 1.8v, the ic moves to the trickle charge state where the trickle charge timer starts, the charge current is set to i trk and chg is turned on to indicate charging is in progress. when v bat reaches the v min threshold (3.0v typ), the fast charge starts where the charge current is set by r iref or by the ic?s input current limit, whichever is smaller. when v bat reaches the v bat regulated voltage (4.2v typ), the charger moves to constant voltage mode where v bat is regulated at 4.2v. if the charge current drops to below the eoc threshold, the chg turns off to indicate a charge complete condition. the charge current will be terminated if the cont pin is at logic low status. recharge will occur when v bat drops below the recharge threshold which is 100mv below the regulated vbat voltage. there are 3 scenarios for fast ch arge depending on the output current. when the sum of the output current and the fast charge current is smaller than the input current limit, the ic enters the fast charge state with th e charge current set by r iref . when the sum of the output current and the fast charge current are greater than the input current limit, the ic will enter the dppm mode, where the charging current is reduced to a point such that the sum of output current and the ch arging current equals to the input current limit. if the output current by itself is greater than the programmed input current limit, the ic enters the battery supplemental mode, where the battery is discharged to the system to aid in meeting the output demand. the output voltage, depending on v bat , is regulated at either v bat + 225mv (when v bat >3.2v) or regulated at 3.4v (when v bat < 3.2v). during the constant voltage mode, the output voltage is regulated at v bat + 225mv if the dppm event is not encountered. if the timeout limit is reache d before reaching the charge complete state, the ic enters the charger fault state, where pg is lo, chg is blinking once in 0.5s, v out is regulated at 4.4v and the charger is off. this state is latched until the input power is removed and re-applied to start a new cycle. at any time during the operation, if the die temperature reaches the otp threshold, the ic will enter the otp state, where pg is lo, chg is hi, and the charger is off. vout is disconnected from vin and connected to vbat internally to maintain system power need.
ISL9230 18 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 yes /chgen = h? yes vpor < vin & vin < vbat + v os ? vin > v ovp ? yes no no ilim or iref pin shorted? yes no /pg = l pwr down (a) /pg = hi-z /chg = hi-z q1 = off, q2 = on vin < v por ? yes no ilim iset check (d) start sleep (b) /pg = hi-z /chg = hi-z q1 = off, q2 = on standby (c) /pg = hi-z /chg = hi-z q1 = off, q2 = on turn on q1 @ 100ma vout check (e) /chg = hi-z q1 = on @100ma q2 = off vout < v osc1 ? yes q1 current limit set by ac/ usb and mode q2 = off idle (f) q1 = on@ ac/usb, mode q2 = off no yes vbat check (g) /chg = hi-z q1 = on@ ac/usb, mode turn on i bsc vbat < v bsc ? no turn off i bsc reset t pre enable thermal loop set /chg = l pre-charge (h) /chg = l i bat = i trk enable t pre vbat vmin? reset t fast yes yes switch v o_reg to v b_reg + 225mv (4.425v) no enable i pre for t det battery detection-2(l) (batt removal detect) vbat > v rch ? switch v o_reg to normal operation g no yes sink i det (= 7.5ma) for t det (250ms) battery detection-3(m) (batt removal detect) vbat > vmin? switch v o_reg to normal operation yes g any time after (a) when vin < v por ? vpor_hys any state (except (n)) after (b) when vin < vbat + v os - v os_h any state after (c) when vin>v ovp any state after (e) when vout < v osc1 any state after (f) when /chgen = h any state after (g) when vbat< v bsc fault (n) /chg frushing at 2hz q1 = on (vout = ?) at ac/usb, mode q2 = off enable t fast charging suspended (o) q1 = off, q2 = off /chg remains previous state halt t fast halt t pre anytime when tj > t sd to start when /chgen toggles go to (n) if t pre has been elapsed go to (n) if t fast elapsed tj > t sd turn off q1 and q2 go to (o) tj > t sd turn off q1 and q2 go to (o) tj < t sd ? t sd_hys tj < t sd -t sd_hys turn on q1 at ac/usb, mode enable thermal loop turn on q1 at ac/usb, mode enable thermal loop go to (n) if vbat < v min no figure 31. state diagram
ISL9230 19 intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing iso9000 quality systems as noted in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/design/quality intersil products are sold by description only. intersil corporat ion reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, soft ware and/or specifications at any time without notice. accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. information furnished by intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsi bility is assumed by intersil or its subsid iaries for its use; nor for any infringem ents of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of i ntersil or its subsidiaries. for information regarding intersil corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 for additional products, see www.intersil.com/product_tree products intersil corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog semico nductors. the company's product s address some of the industry's fastest growing markets, such as , flat panel displays, cell phones, handheld products, and noteb ooks. intersil's product families address power management and analog signal proce ssing functions. go to www.intersil.com/products for a complete list of intersil product families. *for a complete listing of applications, related documentation an d related parts, please see the respective device information page on intersil.com: ISL9230 to report errors or suggestions for this datasheet, please go to: www.intersil.com/askourstaff fits are available from our website at: http://rel.intersil.com/reports/sear revision history the revision history provided is for inform ational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. please go t o web to make sure you have the latest revision. date revision change may 12, 2011 fn7642.0 initial release
ISL9230 20 fn7642.0 may 12, 2011 package outline drawing l16.3x3e 16 lead quad flat no-lead plastic package rev 0, 3/11 bottom view detail "x" side view typical recommended land pattern top view (4x) 0.15 index area pin 1 a 3.00 b 3.00 pin #1 b 0.10 m a c 4 6 6 +0.07 1 12 4 9 13 16 8 5 16x 0.25 16x 0.400.10 4x 1.50 12x 0.50 (16x 0.60) ( 2.80 typ) (16x 0.25) (12x 0.50) c 0 . 2 ref 0 . 05 max. 0 . 02 nom. 5 0.90 0.10 0.08 0.10 c c c - 0.05 +0.10 - 0.15 1.70 ( 1.70) index area see detail ?x? located within the zone indicated. the pin #1 identifier may be unless otherwise specified, tolerance : decimal 0.05 tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature. the configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured dimensions in ( ) for reference only. dimensioning and tolerancing conform to asme y14.5m-1994. 6. either a mold or mark feature. 3. 5. 4. 2. dimensions are in millimeters. 1. notes:

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